Plua plav, pa taws thiab pa phem
Lub emission ntawm plua plav thiab soot ncaj qha ua rau kom nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm tshem tawm cov teeb meem hauv cov huab cua. Feem ntau, atmospheric particles, tseem hu ua floating plua plav, yog cov khoom ua kua los yog kua hauv ib puag ncig atmospheric.
Raws li qhov ua rau, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom nruab nrab. Cov pa phem uas tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev plua plav, kev tsim cov plua plav, kev lag luam plua plav thiab cov pa taws hauv chav ua noj thiab qee cov pa phem uas twb muaj lawm raug suav hais tias yog thawj cov khoom. Cov pa phem uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov khoom thiab lwm cov pa phem hauv ib puag ncig yog cov khoom thib ob.
Tam sim no, sulfate hais, nitrate hais thiab photochemical smog tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau ib puag ncig. Lub Cheebtsam ntawm cov khoom thib ob yog qhov nyuaj heev. Vim tias lawv yog cov ntxeem tau, lawv tuaj yeem nqus cov tshuaj molecular me me hauv ib puag ncig. Yog tias cov khoom adsorbed muaj cov hlau hnyav xws li txhuas, chromium thiab arsenic, lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau tib neeg txoj kev ua pa thiab plab hnyuv.
Cov khoom loj dua 10 microns nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla tsis tuaj yeem hla lub qhov ntswg thiab caj pas, nyob hauv cilia thiab hnoos qeev, thiab thaum kawg tawm ntawm lub cev; PM10 tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm thawj qhov thaiv ntawm tib neeg lub cev mus rau bronchus thiab alveoli, PM2 Nws muaj zog nkag mus, tuaj yeem ncav cuag phab ntsa bronchial thiab cuam tshuam rau kev sib pauv roj hauv lub ntsws, ua rau tib neeg ua pa thiab cov hlab plawv, ua rau hnoos. , hawb pob, dyspnea, pulmonary tsis ua hauj lwm, mob bronchial kab mob thiab txawm mob plawv.
Vim hais tias cov khoom kuj muaj cov carcinogens xws li polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons thiab benzene, kev pheej hmoo ntawm tib neeg mob qog noj ntshav nce. Cov hlau hnyav hauv cov khoom uas ua pa rau tib neeg lub cev yog maj mam ntxiv rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab thaum kawg ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev.
2. Sulfur dioxide pa phem
Cov sulfur dioxide tawm mus rau hauv cov huab cua tsim sulfuric acid pos huab thiab sulfate aerosol los ntawm kev hloov lub cev. Cov no yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ua rau acidification ntawm ib puag ncig, uas tseem yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov kua qaub los nag.
Cov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam tau pom tias thaum qhov concentration ntawm sulfur dioxide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nce mus txog 0.5mg / L, nws pib cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev. Thaum cov concentration nce mus txog 1-3mg / L, tib neeg tuaj yeem hnov qhov khaus. Thaum cov concentration nce mus txog 400-500mg / L, tib neeg txoj kev ua pa yuav tshwm sim. Qhov mob thiab lub ntsws edema tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias sulfur dioxide thiab cov pa luam yeeb thiab plua plav hauv ib puag ncig tuaj yeem muaj kev sib koom ua ke, thaum cov pa phem ntawm ib puag ncig cov pa phem tsawg, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg, ua rau muaj cov kab mob ua pa, thiab ua rau hnyav dua. qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ua pa ntev.
Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev ua pa, sulfur dioxide yuav thaiv thiab absorbed los ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias nyob rau hauv lub pa ib ntsuj av tau, tsim sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid los yog sulfate, yog li ua rau lub ntsws ua pa. Tsis tas li ntawd, sulfur dioxide kuj muaj cov kab mob qog noj ntshav, uas tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau cov nyhuv carcinogenic ntawm benzo(a) pyrene. Sulfur dioxide kuj muaj cov nyhuv ua rau cov vitamin C metabolism tsis zoo thiab cuam tshuam rau lub cev' s enzyme kev ua, ua rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev cuam tshuam.
